Feminist Thought

Hobbes

Modernity

1600s-20th Century

Age of Reason:  spirit of discovery, faith in the capacity of reason, the search for a verifiable method of inquiry

 

 

According to Losco and Williams in ÒEnter Modernity,Ó what social, theological, scientific, cultural, economic and political changes ushered in and/or came to define the modern era? 

 

Other Thinkers associated with the Age of Reason

Rene Descartes (1596-1650) – Cogito ergo sum.  Cartesian dualism.  Mind/body

 

Francis Bacon (1561-1626) – anatomy; science; tools of intellect will give

 

Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) – reason alone capable of fathoming the universe based on simple laws of motion and physics

 

Scientific method

 

 

 

Thomas Hobbes

 

1588-1679

 

Political Condition in England:

Turmoil

The English Civil War broke out in 1642; Oliver Cromwell

 

The Royalist cause -, many in exile in Paris; Hobbes among them.

 

Stayed loyal to monarchy throughout life; and Charles II, his pupil to him;

 

Accused of heresy, blasphemy, atheism

 

Stopped publishing

 

What are natural rights? 

 

 

What is the state of nature?  Describe its characteristics, HobbesÕ assumptions about it. 

 

 

What is the relationship between men, between men and women in the state of nature? 

 

 

What is the social contract?  Who are the parties to it? 

 

Why do people agree to the social contract? 

 

 

What rights do men give up/retain as a result of the social contract? 

 

 

Do women give up/retain the same rights?

 

 

Are men living in an absolute monarchy more or less free than they are in a state of nature?

 

 

Are women living in an absolute monarchy more or less free than they are in a state of nature? (see p.70 in Losco and Williams)

 

 

 

How is the marriage contract between husbands and wives in modern England like or not like the social contract for men, for women?

 

Is a married womanÕs relationship with her husband analogous to that between a male subject and the ruler of the Commonwealth?  How so?  How not?