Comparative European Politics
Immigration and Diversity in Europe Today

Vocabulary
Citizenship
   Two different models

Germany’s original model
    Germany’s 2011 Women’s National Team
   jus sanguinis

 

France’s original model

 France’s 2010 Men’s National Team

jus soli

Also used in the US

 

Immigration vs. Migration

       What’s the difference?

Refugees: Any person who, owing to a well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country; or who, not having a nationality and being outside of the country of his former habitual residence as a result of such events, is unable or, owing to such fear, unwilling to return to it. (Source:UN Convention Related to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol)

Asylum: Protection granted by a state to refugees. (Source: Webster's Dictionary)

 

Asylum-seekers: Persons who file an application for asylum in a country other than their own. They remain in the status of asylum-seeker until their application is considered and adjudicated. See also foreigners seeking asylum.

Other helpful definitions can be found at in the Migration Information Source’s Glossary
EU-15 Population Change and Asylum Applications

Other sites with useful information on Europe/Immigration/Migration

OECD
IOM

 

Push/Pull Factors in European Migration/Immigration
Pushes:
structural changes - declining regions, disintegration of CE economies, Yugoslavian, Albanian crises, Famines/wars in developing regions

Pulls:
Post-war labor shortages, Wealth/growth in core areas, Organized guest worker programs, Post-colonial relationships

 

EU Policies on Immigration/Migration
Schengen Agreement 1985
Incorporated into the treaties by the Treaty of Amsterdam

Includes both EU and non-EU countries (Iceland, Norway)

But not EU members UK and Ireland

Goals: 

To coordinate Border Controls, Visa, Asylum and Residency Requirements

To create a "ring fence" around participant countries
      allowing free flow of labor within the fence

 

Weak Links in the "Ring Fence"
Biggest enforcement problems
southern coast of Spain and Ceuta
Italy-Albania-Yugoslavia
 

 
 

Political Responses to Increased Diversity
growth of right wing movements and parties

pressures for more restrictive immigration and naturalization policies
pressures on welfare state/European Social Model
used to argue for retrenchment