1991-1994 • 1991: Chechnya declares independence under Dyovkhar Dudayev • De facto independence results, no official Russian occupation • Moscow-backed attempts to oust Dudayev were unsuccessful • Domestic problems: huge decline in industrial and agricultural output, skilled ethnic Russians left in great numbers • Illegal activity: state corruption, arms trafficking, Chechen ties with organized crime in Russia, general lawlessness
			Photo of Dudayev; text reads: “Slave who doesn’t try to escape slavery deserves double slavery.”