As mentioned in class, if you are sufficiently familiar with the terms on this sheet, you will do well. However, you need to do more than memorize these items--you should understand them, be able to explain how they work, and be able to identify and create examples of them. The final will again be objective, and you'll have the entire class period. Be sure to answer all pages, and follow directions completely!
From chapter three (REMEMBER, FOR SAMPLE QUESTIONS, USE YOUR OLDER EXAMS!)
-Be able to identify the categorical equivalences from pp. 132-34: Obverses, Converses, and Contrapositives. Be able to make conversions into each of these forms, and know when those conversions are equivalent.
-3.7 Be familiar with fallacy of undistributed middle and false converse fallacies, pp. 160-61.
-Be able to know and identify sorties and enthymemes from p. 163; -Be able to appraise the logical validity of sorites per 3.8, 1-10, 38-43, 46-48.
-Be able to identify: "A"=UA=Universal Affirmative; "E"=UN=Universal Negative; "I"=PA=Particular Affirmative; "O"=PN=Particular Negative.
-FROM CLASS ONLY: know the relationships between the various types of claims above, as summarized in the table below. I won't quiz you on the TERMS "Subalterns" and "Subcontraries," though it might help you to know these.
-Diagrams: know from 3.3 how to identify proper diagrams of statements described
above.
Inductive forms of proof: Per class discussion and lecture: be able to recognize the various forms of inductive evidence: imaginary, hypothetical, empirical/actual, and typical/statistical evidence. Know that they are listed in order from weakest to strongest.
-3.4 Know the definition of a syllogism, and be able to identify symbolic statements as symbols or not (1 or 2 questions tops.)
3.5 Venn Diagrams: be able to translate symbols into Venn diagrams, and to use the diagrams to help determine validity.
Be able to recognize valid proofs and construct simple proofs of syllogisms AND sorites as per 3.9. You may practice on the pp. 178 for review, esp. exercises 21-24.
EXAMPLES OF SAMPLE QUESTIONS.
1) Which conclusion, if any, completes this enthymematic sorites?
Etō
Aes
Ast
A) Aeo B) Aēo C) Aeō D) Aēō E) none of the above
(see answers at bottom)
2) What would be an accurate representation for this argument: "One cannot master logic
without understanding sorites. The only way to understand sorites is to get
familiar with them. To get familiar with them one must do practice
exercises. Therefore to master logic one must practice doing sorites exercises."
3) if Iōe is true, which of the following must be true? 1. Oeo 2. Eoe 3. Ieō 4. Aōe
A) 1 and 2; B) 1, 3, and 4; C) 2 and 3; D) 1, 2, and 3; E) 1 and 3
From chapter two:
-Be able to identify different kinds of definitions, as outlined in 2.3.
-Use and mention, from 2.1, might receive a question also, as might the latin terms "non sequiter" (ch 2) and "ad hominem" (p. 91)
From the chapter one:
-Distinguish an argument from an assertion and other statements (like explanations); know the definition of an argument.
-Be able to identify inductive and deductive arguments when presented to you, and to distinguish between them.
-Know what makes strong and cogent inductive arguments and good inductive arguments.
-Understand thoroughly the ideas of validity and soundness, and be able to distinguish them from "truth". Be able to identify valid deductive arguments.
-Be able to identify completion of proofs and refutations for purposes of establishing the validity, soundness, cogency, and strength of arguments.
sample question
answers:
1) A;
2) For example: m = master logic, u = understand sorites, f = familiar, p =
practice exercises. Amu , Auf, Afp, .'. Amp
3) E, 1 and 3.
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