GENERAL CHEMISTRY TOPICS
Chemical vocabulary 101
Names and symbols of select elements. Elements that exist as diatomic molecules, and their formulas. Names, formulas, and charges for selected polyatomic ions. Names and formulas for additional selected molecules.
1a. Names and chemical symbols of the first 20 elements:
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atomic number name symbol 1 hydrogen H 2 helium He 3 lithium Li 4 beryllium Be 5 boron B 6 carbon C 7 nitrogen N 8 oxygen O 9 fluorine F 10 neon Ne |
atomic number name symbol 11 sodium Na 12 magnesium Mg 13 aluminum Al 14 silicon Si 15 phosphrous P 16 sulfur S 17 chlorine Cl 18 argon Ar 19 potassium K 20 calcium Ca |
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1b. Names and chemical symbols of other Group VIIA elements (the halogens):
(Name, symbol, atomic number)
Bromine, Br, 35
Iodine, I, 53
1c. Names and chemical symbols of other frequently encountered elements:
(Name, symbol, atomic number)
Copper, Cu, 35
Gold, Au, 79
Iron, Fe, 26
Lead, Pb, 82
Manganese, Mn, 35
Mercury, Hg, 80
Nickel, Ni, 28
Platinum, Pt, 78
Silver, Ag, 47
Zinc, Zn, 30
2. Elements that exist as diatomic molecules
hydrogen, H2
nitrogen, N2
oxygen, O2
the halogens: F2, Cl2, Br2, I2
3. Names, formulas, and charges for selected polyatomic ions:
Cations: Ammonium, NH4+; Hydronium, H3O+
Anions (−1):
Hydroxide, OH−
Nitrate, NO3− (conjugate acid: nitric acid, HNO3)
Perchlorate, ClO4− (conjugate acid: perchloric acid, HClO4)
Chlorate, ClO3− (conjugate acid: chloric acid, HClO3)
Chlorite, ClO2− (conjugate acid: chlorous acid, HClO2)
Hypochlorite, ClO− (conjugate acid: hypochlorous acid, HClO)
Chloride, Cl− (conjugate acid: hydrochloric acid, HCl)
Acetate, C2H3O2− (also written as CH3COO−
or abbreviated as OAc−;
conjugate acid: acetic acid, HC2H3O2 or CH3COOH or HOAc)
Hydrogen carbonate, HCO3− (also called bicarbonate)
Cyanide, CN− (conjugate acid: hydrocyanic acid, HCN)
Anions (−2):
Carbonate, CO32−
Sulfate, SO42−
Anions (−3):
Phosphate, PO43−
4. Names and formulas for additional selected molecules
water, H2O
carbon dioxide, CO2
ammonia, NH3
methane, CH4